Macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults. It happens when the macula loses structural density. The result is blinding damage to the light-sensing retina of the eye. Primary culprits like smoking and exposure to ultraviolet sun rays can be controlled. But the single, largest factor in its development is aging.
Specific plant carotenoids have been shown to protect the macula from UV-light damage and oxidation. Individuals with the highest levels of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin show a striking 41% lower risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration.
A corroborating study found that saffron improved visual function in macular degeneration patients within three months. This visual enhancement occurred even among those who were already using lutein and zeaxanthin. Putting the brakes on macular degeneration and improved vision have been demonstrated in response to several plant-derived nutrients.